ABOUT ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ

• Logeion (literally, a place for words; in particular, a speaker's platform, or an archive) was developed after the example of dvlf.uchicago.edu, to provide simultaneous lookup of entries in the many reference works that make up the Perseus Classical collection - and in the meantime, many others. As always, we are grateful for the Perseus Project's generosity in sharing their data. None of this would be possible without their commitment to open access. To enhance this site as both a research and a pedagogical tool, we add information based on corpus data in the right side bar, as well as references to chapters in standard textbooks.
• Update May 2024: Congratulations to Ineke Sluiter and the rest of the team: The dictionary Grieks-Nederlands is complete! We are delighted to present it here. The print edition comes out this month as well.
• Thanks to our users and dedicated contributors, updates to our existing resources happen frequently. Just two items of note: LSJ users will see that citations of Plutarch's Moralia now feature essay titles, thanks to Jack Noutch. The relevant abbreviations can be found in the bibliography for Brill-Montanari. Also, the Logeion Sidebar now features external links to entries in Brill-Montanari and to the lexica of the Lexeis project at Cornell. We welcome suggestions for more such external links.
• Update December 2023: It has been a while since the last update, and there is quite a bit of news: First off, many users have found Retro, Logeion's third dimension after the main screen and Μορφώ. Search for Greek and Latin from English with the help of Woodhouse for Greek and Riddle-Arnold for Latin. We have added some Logeion special sauce by allowing you to search within our short definitions as well as the English of LSJ and Lewis and Short. Many thanks to Fergus Walsh for contributing the Riddle-Arnold data, and most of all to Nathan Li (BA 2022) for building Retro.
• Secondly, it is exciting to announce two new resources this month. A New Testament lexicon had long been missing from our collection. Of course, there are many sites that offer NT resources, but we are glad to have filled the gap in Logeion with Abbott-Smith, a lexicon in the public domain, painstakingly prepared by a team of volunteers. Probably the most remarkable addition, however, thanks to Christopher Francese's initiative at Dickinson College, is Gonçalves' Lexicon Magnum Latino-Sinicum, our first Chinese resource. See the bibliography below for (links to) further details. As with Retro, Nathan Li did the initial work on Abbott-Smith and Gonçalves. Walt Shandruk optimized the parsers and churned through our textual corpus to freshen up frequency data.
• Update November 2022: At Logeion, we aim to provide access to Greek and Latin resources for everyone everywhere. Most of the reference works in our collection are older and in the public domain. We are grateful for the exceptions: DGE, LMPG, DMLBS, LaNe, GrNe… Nobody enjoys paywalls, or separate walled gardens, yet at the same time we do hold ourselves, our colleagues, and our students accountable for consulting up-to-date scholarship.
• We are, therefore, delighted to have reached an agreement with the Brill publishing house that allows us to present some of their content here: we can now include on our site the contents for the letter Λ of The Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek, the 2015 English translation of Prof. Franco Montanari’s Vocabolario della Lingua Greca.
• In addition, you can buy a print copy of the Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek with a special Logeion discount code.
• If enough people do so, gradually more letters of the dictionary will be released for all users. So we are hoping for a show of generosity from many users, some of whom already have access paid for by their institutions, but who appreciate our efforts to make the dictionary more widely available, or, just selfishly, appreciate the ease of working with dictionaries in Logeion.
• Details: The letter labda is now available! Buy a copy, and enter discount code 71518 at check-out. It would be lovely to see proud new owners with ‘receipts’ tagging @LogeionGkLat and @Brill_Classics!
• There's more: These entries in the letter Λ are not the only good news. Welcome to Nathan Li, BA/MA 2022, who has squashed quite a few bugs and written the scripts to ingest more than just Greek (watch this space, as they say.. ut dicunt apud nostrates, ὥς φασιν οἱ βάρβαροι - as you type in an English word!).
• Update August 2021: This release adds Cunliffe's Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect, including the supplement of proper names. Gregory Crane of the Perseus Project made this lexicon available; Ethan Della Rocca wrote the script to include it in Logeion. Bailly has seen substantive updates.
• Update May 2021: You should notice some changes in our color scheme and in layout of dictionary entries. Slater's Lexicon to Pindar now looks better thanks to Jeremy March's help (Jeremy is the person behind philolog.us). Further, with many thanks to the team that brought us Gaffiot 2016, we are adding Bailly 2020 (Greek-French). Meanwhile, we were alerted to the digitized Pape (Greek-German) by Philipp Roelli, with corrections by André Charbonnet, adding a new language to our repertoire. Special thanks again to Mark de Wilde for keeping us informed about these developments and helping us troubleshoot, and to Philippe Verkerk, the maker of Eulexis. Locally, Walt Shandruk worked on integrating these new dictionaries; Josh Day remains the one who keeps Logeion running for us all.
• Update September 2018: Welcome to the beta release of Logeion 2, built by Philip Posner, Ethan Della Rocca and Josh Day. Enjoy! Do go for a ride on the inverse word wheel.
• Update March 2017: We are delighted to announce the advent of two new resources. First of all, a team of scholar volunteers led by Gérard Gréco has worked to make Gaffiot's famous 1934 Dictionnaire Latin Français available in digital and updated form (including frequency data and updated standard citations for texts, among many other things), and we are delighted to incorporate this work, Gaffiot 2016, in Logeion. Many thanks to Gérard Gréco and also to Mark de Wilde for helping us to work out our formatting problems.
• In addition, from Spain, we are delighted to add LMPG en línea, the digitized version of the lexicon for magic and religion in the Greek magical papyri originally published in 2001. Do visit the project's homepage to see the fuller array of functions available there. Many thanks, as always, to Prof. Somolinos and his team.
• Update January 2016: We are delighted to announce the advent of the Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources in Logeion. Many thanks to the British Academy (specifically, its Projects committee and its DMLBS committee), and in particular to the editor of DMLBS, Richard Ashdowne, for making this happen. We are thrilled to add another newly-released resource on the Latin side. Academic users: please do urge your libraries to purchase print copies of DMLBS (and DGE!), if they have not yet done so.
• Many thanks to Matt Shanahan, Josh Day, and XSLT wizard Alex Lee for their help in bringing DMLBS to Logeion.
• The Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources is the work of a century-long British Academy project, based first in London and then at the University of Oxford, that ran from 1913 to the completion of the printed dictionary in 2013. The DMLBS has been based wholly on original research and it documents the vocabulary of Latin in medieval Britain from the sixth to the sixteenth centuries. The DMLBS is a copyright work and the text appears on the Logeion site under licence from the British Academy, to whom we express our thanks. Users will find the following resources at the DMLBS project website helpful: A user's guide to the dictionary, the bibliography and notes to the bibliography, and guidelines for citing DMLBS (bottom of page).
• Hellenists also have reason to rejoice: The Woordenboek Grieks/Nederlands, a Dutch project in progress, has made its finished letter ranges available to us. We thank the editors-in-chief, Ineke Sluiter, Albert Rijksbaron, and Ton Kessels, and their project coordinator, Lucien van Beek. A full roster of the team of writers and editors, and further information about the project, can be found on its website. At Logeion we believe that all users stand to benefit from up-to-date Greek dictionaries such as DGE and Grieks/Nederlands, regardless of their mother tongue. This is the first dictionary that Walt Shandruk has handled for Logeion; and while it takes skill to adapt third-party data, Walt has dealt with that but also confronted third-party code - with aplomb. Many thanks.
• In other news, BWL, which is derived from a useful Dutch resource for intermediate Latin students, and illustrates important constructions and idiomatic usages of the most frequent Latin words, now features translations for its example sentences. This was a long-time desideratum, and we thank Rebekah Spearman for doing the last push that this project needed. She, however, cannot be held responsible for all the thousands of translated sentences! Please send your comments our way if you encounter problems. The other existing dictionaries, too, have seen the usual additional cleanup of infelicities in the original data entry process. Many thanks to all users who pointed out errors. If you find more, please report them: we are grateful for your assistance in incrementally improving this resource.
• Update January 2015: We are grateful to Philip Peek of Bowling Green State University for making available his file with vocabulary for Chase & Phillips.
• Update August 2014: In addition to the usual editing of existing dictionaries and morphology (keep reporting typos to us, please!), we are delighted to add a first author-specific lexicon on the Latin side, thanks to efforts at Dickinson College. Users will now encounter Frieze-Dennison's lexicon to Vergil's Aeneid for relevant entries. Many thanks to Christopher Francese and the DCC 'crew'! On another note, Logeion and the Logeion app got a mention in the New York Times, which we are thrilled about. We are, as always, grateful to Josh, Matt & Josh for developing this site and the app, and to the College of the University of Chicago for its support and its 'ambidextrous' undergrads, who know their way around Python and XML as well as around Greek and Latin.
• Update December 2013: We are delighted to announce that we are adding the premier dictionary for Ancient Greek, the Diccionario Griego-Español (DGE), to Logeion. Both for entries from DGE and from DuCange, we will include a link to these dictionaries' home sites for every entry we display. As we work on displaying these entries better, we recommend (also) visiting the home sites, which look positively elegant. This update also brings the Latin-Dutch dictionary, LaNe, up to date with the printed 6th edition, which will be coming out soon.
• Update October 2013: Logeion is now available as an app for iOS, so that you can consult it even without a working internet connection. Find the Logeion app in Apple's app store.
• Update January 2012: We have now added a Latin-Dutch dictionary to the collection: The Woordenboek Latijn/Nederlands. One notable feature of this dictionary, for those who do not speak Dutch, is that a lot of attention has been paid to ensure accuracy of vowel length for the lexical entries. For further information see below.

Using ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ

• Learning to use Logeion to look up words should be straightforward. Start typing in (the first few letters of) the headword (or lemma) for the entry (transliteration is an option for Greek words) and the word wheel will spin to what we hope will be the right destination. Enter a minimum of three characters, and the system will attempt to suggest entries in the neighborhood.
• Details, details: When you are typing in a word, Logeion will consult its database and suggest Greek or Latin lookalikes. If you are typing in transliterated Greek, pick the suggested Greek word when it appears in the drop down menu. If you simply hit enter (or click on the 'Go' button) after typing 'logos', the system will take your input literally, and direct you to the entry for 'logos' in the Latin dictionaries. Note that the system is a rather poor student of the Greek alphabet - words in the suggestion list will not quite show up in the order you expect.
• If you are trying to determine the right dictionary entry for an inflected word, you have two options. Simply start typing the first few characters, and Logeion might already direct you correctly. But when things get more complicated, you can type in the complete word (for Greek, this requires full diacritics).
• If the word occurs as an inflected word in our database, Logeion will suggest a lemma or lemmas for it. You can hover over the lemma to see its choice of parses. Double-clicking on words within the dictionary entries and example sentences will allow you to go to the entry for that word - provided that the database has the right parse, of course, or that by happenstance, it lands you in the right position in the alphabet.
• Linking to Logeion quickly in the Chrome browser: By control-clicking the Address Bar, you will see the possibility to "Edit search engines". Add your own Logeion search engine, by entering into the three boxes, Logeion, l, http://logeion.uchicago.edu/%s respectively. Next time you want to look up a word from anywhere on a web page or other document, copy it, and in your browser, hit command-L, l and a space. The Address bar will now say "Search Logeion". Paste in your word and hit Enter, and you will get Logeion's attempt at a (parse and a) dictionary entry, without having to have typed out our URL. Those who type in Greek a lot may also want to add Logeion, λ, .. for an identical shortcut so that the same quick trick works without having to change your keyboard.

Beyond the dictionaries

• For the most frequent words, we give you a sense of their frequency ranking in the corpus, as a way for students and teachers of the languages to prioritize their activity, or in general, to judge whether a given word in a text one is reading is in fact a frequent expression or a rare bird. To further assist in these activities, we list collocations and aim, depending of course on the texts words are attested in, to provide examples of the word's use in standard prose, e.g., Lysias for Greek and Caesar and Cicero for Latin. These examples can be found following the major dictionaries, but before the reference works. Clicking on the author and work will lead you to a search in Perseus under PhiloLogic for the lemma. Clicking on the collocations will lead you to a search for the particular collocation; clicking on a frequent author will bring you to a search for the lemma in that author's corpus.
• The frequency and collocation data included in this app were collated at The University of Chicago. When the citation forms for dictionary entries are identical (e.g., χράω 'attack' and χράω 'pronounce an oracle'), these uses are distinguished in Logeion and in our morphological database with index numbers (e.g., χράω and χράω2). In principle, these numbers should agree with the ordering in the major dictionaries, but the short definitions given at the opening of each entry should make the distinctions clear. This is important to know in the case of frequency data, since we aim to display the frequencies and collocations for the more frequent word. However, we will not always be successful in pulling this off, and our use of automated tagging means that certain lookalikes gain spurious ranking cred. Therefore, do proceed with caution when using these data. Logeion on the web allows you to follow up with your own corpus searches to double-check our data. Do report egregious errors; we try to address these.
• For full-text searches of the dictionaries (where in LSJ do we find reference to Xenophon's Anabasis, where is λόγος used in any entry, not just in the entry for λόγος), use the links in the list of sources below. Full-text search is only possible for the reference works that are fully in the public domain. Below, the home page will be specified for projects that have a presence online, which may include many further options for searching.

Development of the Project; Getting in Touch

• This site was first developed by Josh Goldenberg (BA 2012) and Matt Shanahan (BA 2014) in the summer of 2011. In addition, many thanks to ARTFL, as always, and in particular to Richard Whaling and to the DVLF crew for initial consultation. We hope you will find Logeion useful! Comments and suggestions: please use the link to Report A Problem. We are always interested in adding more dictionaries; please contact Helma Dik (Classics Department, University of Chicago) directly if you have dictionaries that we can use or other assistance or enhancements, as opposed to bugs and errors. You can follow @LogeionGkLat on Twitter; our versions of LSJ and Lewis & Short can be found at github.com/helmadik.

Greek Dictionaries

• This collection has seen extensive editing, to correct data entry errors and to ensure integration with our morphological analysis tools. Reach the full-text search form by clicking on the titles below. Do note that Logeion is more frequently refreshed than the separate dictionaries.
• Liddell and Scott's Greek-English Lexicon (1940)
  • Henry George Liddell & Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon. Revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1940.
  • The National Endowment for the Humanities provided support for entering this text.
• Slater's Lexicon to Pindar (1969)
  • William J. Slater, Lexicon to Pindar. Berlin, De Gruyter, 1969.
  • The National Endowment for the Humanities provided support for entering this text.

Latin Dictionaries

• The Latin dictionaries have seen some light editing as well. Headwords in Lewis & Short have been regularized to spellings with -i- rather than -j-, as was already the case in the Elementary Dictionary. -v- has been maintained throughout. Clusters such as adf-/aff-, adl-/all- are now aligned between the two dictionaries. Please report further infelicities!
• Lewis and Short's Latin-English Lexicon (1879)
  • A Latin Dictionary, Founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary revised, enlarged, and in great part rewritten by Charlton T. Lewis, Ph.D. and Charles Short, LL.D. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1879.
  • The National Endowment for the Humanities provided support for entering this text.
  • This electronic version was lightly edited in order to correct data entry errors and to eliminate the letter -j- from dictionary headwords and many cross references; the letter -v- has been retained. Headwords have been more closely aligned with the Elementary Dictionary.

Further resources, without full-text search on this site

Perseus collection

Other works

• Abbott-Smith NT (added December 2023)
  • G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922)
  • Proof-read by a team of volunteers, who added information about the number of occurrences in the New Testament as well as the so-called Strong numbers; Helma Dik has added some normalization to adjust entries to their classical environment and corrected some original misprints.
• Brill (November 2022, letter λ only)
  • Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek
  • Author: Franco Montanari. Editors: Madeleine Goh and Chad Schroeder. Winner of the 2016 Choice Outstanding Academic Title Award
  • The Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek is the English translation of Franco Montanari’s Vocabolario della Lingua Greca.
  • Order the dictionary with the special discount code 71518 to support making more of it available.
  • Download the abbreviations section.
  • ISBN: 978-90-04-19318-5
• Bailly 2020
  • LE BAILLY 2020 - Hugo Chávez
  • Bailly 2020 is more than the result of data entry of the famous Bailly dictionary; a team of editors and proof readers has also updated and corrected citations and etymologies in many places.
  • The full text, and a report on how the team produced it, is available at the website above. Many thanks for allowing us to integrate it in Logeion, and a special thanks to Mark de Wilde and Philippe Verkerk for their help. Updated in 2023.
• Cunliffe
  • Richard John Cunliffe, A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect (1924)
  • Initial data entry by the Perseus Project and markup by Gregory Crane; additional cleanup by Helma Dik.
  • Remaining issues to be aware of: confusion of lower case θ and φ, lower case φ with upper case Φ. Missing upper case in lexical entries. Cunliffe used letters for book citations, so Il. 21 could be Od. 21 (φΦ) and possibly Od. 8 (θ). Citations are always listed with Iliad first and colon (:) separating Iliad and Odyssey listings. Surely there are errors remaining - please report them!
• DGE
  • The Diccionario Griego-Español Project
  • The Greek-Spanish Dictionary (DGE) is produced at the Instituto de Lenguas y Culturas del Mediterráneo y Oriente Próximo (ILC) of the Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CCHS) of the CSIC (Madrid) under the direction of Francisco R. Adrados and Juan Rodríguez Somolinos.
  • There is an online version of α through ἔξαυος, http://dge.cchs.csic.es/xdge/
  • People who worked on this resource can be found at http://dge.cchs.csic.es/xdge/doc/creditos.html
  • Offered under a non-commercial, no-derivatives creative commons license: http://dge.cchs.csic.es/xdge/doc/licencia
  • We are excited about adding DGE, and hope that having it as part of Logeion will make this great dictionary more visible to non-Spanish speaking classicists.
• DMLBS
  • The Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources ed. R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne (London: British Academy, 1975-2013)
  • The Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources is the work of a century-long British Academy project, based first in London and then at the University of Oxford, that ran from 1913 to the completion of the printed dictionary in 2013. The DMLBS has been based wholly on original research and it documents the vocabulary of Latin in medieval Britain from the sixth to the sixteenth centuries. The DMLBS is a copyright work and the text appears on the Logeion site under licence from the British Academy, to whom we express our thanks. Please consider purchasing a copy of the printed dictionary or encouraging your library to do so.
  • Users will find the following resources at the DMLBS project website helpful: A user's guide to the dictionary, the bibliography and notes to the bibliography, and guidelines for citing DMLBS.
• DuCange
  • A resource for medieval and late Latin: Du Cange, et al., Glossarium mediæ et infimæ latinitatis. Niort : L. Favre, 1883-1887.
  • Open-access resource, published under the auspices of L'École nationale des chartes, http://www.enc.sorbonne.fr/
  • People who worked on this resource can be found at http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/credits
  • Offered at the Ecole des Chartes under a non-commercial, no-derivatives creative commons license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/fr/
  • We believe that this may be a highly beneficial supplement to Lewis & Short for those working on later texts.
• Gaffiot 2016 - Dictionnaire Latin Français
  • From the website: Inutile de présenter le célèbre dictionnaire Latin-Français de Félix Gaffiot (1934). Il nous a servi à beaucoup sur les bancs de l’école. En voici une édition corrigée et augmentée dite Gaffiot 2016, issue directement du texte de 1934. Entre autres choses, les références ont été corrigées et unifiées. La longueur des voyelles a été revue d’après les dernières recherches en ce domaine. Un indice permet pour chaque entrée du dictionnaire d’en apprécier la fréquence d’apparition dans un corpus classique. [Corrected and expanded version of 1934 edition, with updated canonical citations and verified vowel quantities and frequency data]. For more information, and more options (pdf, apps,..) see the project's webpage
• Georges 1913 - Karl Ernst Georges (1806-1895) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch
  • From the zeno.org website: Aus den Quellen zusammengetragen und mit besonderer Bezugnahme auf Synonymik und Antiquitäten unter Berücksichtigung der besten Hilfsmittel ausgearbeitet. Unveränderter Nachdruck der achten verbesserten und vermehrten Auflage, von Heinrich Georges, 2 Bände, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1998 (Reprint der Ausgabe Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1913/1918).
  • Das »Ausführliche lateinisch-deutsche Handwörterbuch« des Gothaer Gymnasialprofessors und angesehenen Lexikographen Karl Ernst Georges (1806–1895) erschließt den großen Reichtum des klassischen Lateins. Mit mehr als 62.000 Hauptstichwörtern, 200.000 Bedeutungsvarianten und rund 300.000 Belegstellen ist es seit Generationen ein unverzichtbares Arbeitsinstrument für alle, die ein berufliches oder privates Interesse an der Kulturgeschichte des römischen Altertums haben – für Schüler und Studenten ebenso wie für Historiker, Literaturwissenschaftler und Archäologen.
  • Das Wörterbuch bietet neben den Übersetzungen umfangreiche Angaben zur Etymologie, zum Bedeutungswandel und zur Phraseologie. Sein besonderer Vorzug liegt im detaillierten und übersichtlichen Nachweis der Bedeutungsschattierungen einzelner Stichwörter und grammatischer Konstruktionen. Zahlreiche Zitate aus den Schriften der klassischen Autoren dienen als Belege und unterstützen zugleich das Verständnis der Bedeutungsvarianten.
• Grieks/Nederlands Woordenboek - Ineke Sluiter, Lucien van Beek, Ton Kessels, Albert Rijksbaron (editors)
  • (Translated extract from the Dutch blurb) The dictionary is based on the latest insights from modern linguistics and has more than 40,000 lemmas. It offers support in deciphering complex forms and is richly illustrated with examples of word use and sentence constructions, always translated into contemporary Dutch.
  • The citations come from authors studied for the central final exam in Greek in the Netherlands. In addition, the dictionary is a valuable tool for doctors, philosophers and theologians who want to study the Greek of Hippocrates, Aristotle, or the New Testament.
  • The new Dictionary Greek/Dutch was created by a large team, with input from classicists in academia as well as in secondary education.
  • ISBN 9789089643667, home page.
• LaNe
  • Woordenboek Latijn/Nederlands, 7th revised edition 2018. Editor-in-chief Harm Pinkster.
  • LaNe is a Latin-Dutch translation dictionary, originally based on Pons Globalwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch (Klett) but with full coverage of all entries also contained in the Oxford Latin Dictionary. LaNe is published by Amsterdam University Press, which also offers a stand-alone web interface with fuller functionality than the simple entry lookup here. We are grateful to Amsterdam University Press, and to the editor, for their generous cooperation in Logeion.
  • ISBN 978 90 8964 073 4, Publisher's information at https://www.aup.nl/en/book/9789463720519/woordenboek-latijn-nederlands
• Latino-Sinicum
  • Lexicon Magnum Latino-Sinicum.
  • Joaquim Affonso Gonçalves, Lexicon Magnum Latino-Sinicum, 3rd edition (Peking: Typis Congregationis Missionis, 1936 [1st ed. Macau, 1841]). This Latin-Chinese dictionary with over 36,000 entries was digitized at Dickinson College, by a team assembled by Christopher Francese. Note that many entries consist of cross-references, which can be confusing. You can click on the cross-referenced entry to access it, and view an image of the original text. If you notice discrepancies between the page images and the transcription, please use the link at the bottom of each entry to report it to Chris Francese and his team.
  • You can find the home page of the Lexicon in a web app, where you can also find fuller documentation. Our thanks to Chris Francese for thinking of us!
• LMPG - Dictionary on the Greek magical papyri
  • LMPG en línea es la edición digital del libro Léxico de magia y religión en los papiros mágicos griegos, obra de Luis Muñoz Delgado publicada en 2001 como Anejo V del Diccionario Griego-Español. [LMPG online is the digital edition of the book Lexicon of Magic and Religion in the Greek magical papyri, by Luis Muñoz Delgado (2001)]. Homepage: dge.cchs.csic.es/lmpg/
• Pape - Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache (1880 ed. rev. by Sengebusch)
  • Wilhelm Pape's (wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Pape) Greek dictionary saw many editions. Digitized by Philipp Roelli, we are grateful to André Charbonnet for making Pape available to us in an html version and for his corrections and revisions.
• Riddle-Arnold
  • English-Latin Lexicon.
  • J. Riddle and T. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English-Latin Lexicon (London, 1847; revised C. Anthon, New York, 1849). Digitized by Fergus Walsh. Data and a stand-alone application available on github at https://github.com/FergusJPWalsh/riddle-arnold. When searching, do bear in mind that the English terms were devised in the 1800s!
• Woodhouse
  • S.C. Woodhouse, English-Greek Dictionary. A Vocabulary of the Attic Language (London, 1910).
  • Page images available in the original digitization at the initiative of Catherine Mardikes of the University of Chicago Library. Note that besides author abbreviations, most commonly the abbreviations P and V are used to indicate use in Prose or Verse. Please report data entry errors. Text derived from Ryan Bauman's stand-alone implementation.

Pedagogical short glossaries

Reference

• the Perseus Encyclopedia
  • The Perseus Project, Tufts University. The Annenberg CPB/Project provided support for entering this text.
• Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities
  • Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. Harper and Brothers, New York, 1898.
  • The National Endowment for the Humanities provided support for entering this text.
• Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites
  • The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites. Richard Stillwell, editor. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1976.
  • The National Endowment for the Humanities provided support for entering this text.
• Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
  • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. William Smith, LLD, William Wayte, G. E. Marindin (editors). London, John Murray, 1890.
  • The National Endowment for the Humanities provided support for entering this text.
• Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
  • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, illustrated by numerous engravings on wood. William Smith, LLD (editor). London, Walter and Maberly; John Murray, 1854.

Textbooks

• We gratefully acknowledge here that authors of the textbooks below have given permission for chapter/unit references to be displayed in Logeion. Needless to say, the authors bear no responsibility for any errors in these references, which were sometimes culled from unrelated web sites; please let us know if you find problems. In the case of JACT, we wish to thank Matt Neuburg for providing us with the data; Philip Peek provided us with his file of Chase & Phillips vocabulary. For the latest additions to this list, we owe thanks to DCC Commentaries and Ivy Livingston, who provided further data for Latin textbooks.
• The short titles given in the chapter references refer, in full, to:
• Cambridge Latin
  • Cambridge Latin Course. By the University of Cambridge School Classics Project. ISBN 9781107070936 (book 1). Web: education.cambridge.org
  • Vocabulary via Bret Mulligan of The Bridge: bridge.haverford.edu
• Campbell
  • Classical Greek Prose: A Basic Vocabulary, by Malcolm Campbell, Bloomsbury Press.
  • ISBN 978-1853995590
• Chase & Phillips
  • A New Introduction to Greek: Third Edition Revised and Enlarged, by Alston Hurd Chase, Henry Phillips Jr., Harvard University Press.
  • ISBN 978-0674616004
• Ecce Romani
  • Ecce Romani. Pearson publishing. 978-0133610895 (book 1).
  • Vocabulary via Bret Mulligan of The Bridge: bridge.haverford.edu
• Hansen & Quinn
  • Greek: An Intensive Course, by Hardy Hansen and Gerald M. Quinn, Fordham University Press.
  • ISBN 978-0823216635
• JACT
  • Reading Greek: Grammar and Exercises, by Joint Association of Classical Teachers, Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN 978-0521698528
• LTRG
  • Learn to Read Greek, by Andrew Keller and Stephanie Russell, Yale University Press.
  • ISBN 978-0300167719
• LTRL
  • Learn to Read Latin, by Andrew Keller and Stephanie Russell, Yale University Press.
  • ISBN 978-0300102154
• Mastronarde
  • Introduction to Attic Greek (2nd edition), by Donald Mastronarde, University of California Press.
  • ISBN 978-0520275713
  • Tutorials website at Ancient Greek Tutorials @ AtticGreek.org
• MorelandFleischer
  • Latin: An Intensive Course, by Floyd L. Moreland and Rita M. Fleischer. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520031838.
  • Vocabulary via Bret Mulligan of The Bridge: bridge.haverford.edu
• Oxford Latin
  • Oxford Latin Course, Maurice Balme and James Morwood. ISBN: 9780195212037
  • Vocabulary via Bret Mulligan of The Bridge: bridge.haverford.edu
• Shelmerdine
  • Susan C. Shelmerdine, Introduction to Latin (2nd ed.). Focus Publishing. www.pullins.com
  • ISBN 978-1585103904
  • Vocabulary via Ivy Livingston, Harvard University
  • Cynthia W. Shelmerdine and Susan C. Shelmerdine, Introduction to Greek (3rd ed.). Focus Publishing. www.pullins.com
  • ISBN 978-1585109609
  • Manually entered by Helma Dik
• Wheelock
  • Wheelock's Latin, by Frederic M. Wheelock and Richard A. Lafleur, Collins Reference.
  • ISBN 978-0060783716